| 16th-18th Centuries | 16th century Spanish cattle introduced into the Southwest 17th and 18th centuries All forms of domestic livestock, except turkeys, were imported at some time 17th and 18th centuries Crops borrowed from Indians included maize, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, gourds, squashes, watermelons, beans, grapes, berries, pecans, black walnuts, peanuts, maple sugar, tobacco, and cotton; white potatoes indigenous to South America 17th and 18th centuries New U.S. crops from Europe included clover, alfalfa, timothy, small grains, and fruits and vegetables 17th and 18th centuries African slaves introduced grain and sweet sorghum, melons, okra, and peanuts 18th centuries Tobacco was the chief cash crop of the South |
| 1776-99 |  1793 First Merino sheep imported 1795-1815 The sheep industry in New England was greatly emphasized |
| 1800 |  1805-15 Cotton began to replace tobacco as the chief southern cash crop 1810-15 Demand for Merino sheep sweeps the country 1815-25 Competition with western farm areas began to force New England farmers out of wheat and meat production and into dairying, trucking, and, later, tobacco production 1815-30 Cotton became the most important cash crop in the Old South 1819 Secretary of Treasury instructed consuls to collect seeds, plants, and agricultural inventions 1820's Poland-China and Duroc-Jersey swine were being developed, and Berkshire swine were imported 1821 Edmund Ruffin's first Essay on Calcareous Manures |
| 1810 | |
| 1820 | |
| 1830 | 1836-62 Patent Office collected agricultural information and distributed seeds 1830's-1850's Improved transportation to the West forced eastern staple growers into more varied production for nearby urban centers |
| 1840 |  1840 Justos Liebig's Organic Chemistry appeared 1840-1850 New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio were the chief wheat States 1840-60 Hereford, Ayrshire, Galloway, Jersey, and Holstein cattle were imported and bred 1846 First herdbook for Shorthorn cattle 1849 First poultry exhibition in the United States |
| 1850 | 1850's Commercial corn and wheat belts began to develop; wheat occupied the newer and cheaper land west of the corn areas, and was constantly being forced westward by rising land values and the encroachment of the corn areas 1850's Alfalfa grown on the west coast 1858 Grimm alfalfa introduced |
| 1860 |  1860's The Cotton Belt began to move westward 1860's The corn Belt began stabilizing in its present area 1860 Wisconsin and Illinois were the chief wheat States 1866-86 The days of the cattlemen on the Great Plains |
| 1870 |  1870's Increased specialization in farm production 1870 Illinois, Iowa, and Ohio were the chief wheat States 1870 Foot-and-mouth disease first reported in the United States 1874-76 Grasshopper plagues serious in the West 1877 U.S. Entomological Commission established for work on grasshopper control |
| 1880 | 1880's The cattle industry moved into the western and southwestern Great Plains 1882 Bordeau mixture (fungicide) discovered in France and soon used in the United States 1882 Robert Koch discovered tubercle bacillus Mid-1880's Texas was becoming the chief cotton State 1886-87 Blizzards, following drought and overgrazing, disastrous to northern Great Plains cattle industry 1889 Bureau of Animal Industry discovered carrier of tick fever |
| 1890 |  1890 Minnesota, California, and Illinois were the chief wheat States 1890 Babcock butterfat test devised 1892 Boll weevil crossed the Rio Grande and began to spread north and east 1892 Eradication of pleuropneumonia 1899 Improved method of anthrax inoculation |
| 1900 | 1900-10 Turkey red wheat was becoming important as commercial crop 1900-20 Extensive experimental work was carried out to breed disease-resistant varieties of plants, to improve plant yield and quality, and to increase the productivity of farm animal strains 1903 Hog cholera serum developed 1904 First serious stem-rust epidemic affecting wheat |
| 1910 | 1910 North Dakota, Kansas, and Minnesota were the chief wheat States 1910 Durum wheats were becoming important commercial crops 1910 35 States and territories required tuberculin testing of all entering cattle 1910-20 Grain production reached into the most arid sections of the Great Plains 1912 Marquis wheat introduced 1912 Panama and Colombia sheep developed 1917 Kansas red wheat distributed |
| 1920 |  1926 Ceres wheat distributed 1926 First hybrid-seed corn company organized 1926 Targhee sheep developed |
| 1930 |  1930-35 Use of hybrid-seed corn became common in the Corn Belt 1934 Thatcher wheat distributed 1934 Landrace hogs imported from Denmark 1938 Cooperative organized for artificial insemination of dairy cattle |
| 1940 |  1940's and 1950's Acreages of crops, such as oats, required for horse and mule feed dropped sharply as farms used more tractors 1945-55 Increased use of herbicides and pesticides 1947 United States began formal cooperation with Mexico to prevent spread of foot-and-mouth disease |
| 1950 | 1955 Sterile flies used for screwworm control |
| 1960 |  1960's Soybean acreage expanded as farmers used soybeans as an alternative to other crops 1960 96% of corn acreage planted with hybrid seed 1961 Gaines wheat distributed 1966 Fortuna wheat distributed |
| 1970 | 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act 1970 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Norman Borlaug for developing high-yielding wheat varieties 1975 Lancota wheat introduced 1978 Hog cholera officially declared eradicate 1979 Purcell winter wheat introduced |
| 1980-90 | 1980's Biotechnology became a viable technique for improving crop and livestock products 1883-84 Avian influenza of poultry eradicated before it spread beyond a few Pennsylvania counties 1986 Antismoking campaigns and legislation began to affect the tobacco industry |
Posted by
Choirul
comments (3)
Now information about mesothelioma cancer and asbestoscancer are very much searched ... This is because both are newand little-known news characteristics and how to avoid.
A lot of information about mesothelioma cancer and asbestoscancer, but little is known if it turns out the two diseases are related to agriculture, especially asbestos cancer.
This is the explanations.
Asbestos in Agricultural Filler and Other Building Materials
The term "agricultural filler" refers to waste products left over from farm production and harvesting. Agricultural filler is used for extending artificial construction materials such as polymer fillers. Agricultural filler may consist of corn husks and cobs, shells from nuts, inedible grain, hay and grass, and other plant sources. These agriculture filler materials were included in a number of commercial building products which also contained asbestos fiber as a filler material. Agricultural filler-based products include pipe lagging and furnace insulation, roofing shingles, millboard, flooring, and a number of texturing products used on walls and ceilings.
Most of the asbestos used in these products was of the "white" variety. Known to geologists as "chrysotile," white asbestos comes from a type of metamorphic rock known as serpentine because its fibers curl up into a "u" shape. Exposure to this type of asbestos may cause cancer as well as lung diseases like pleural plaques and asbestosis.
Asbestos-containing building materials that incorporate agricultural material may not be extremely hazardous if left intact and in place. However, these materials, most of which were installed before the late 1970s, can deteriorate with age. As they deteriorate, they become more brittle increasing the chances for asbestos fibers to be released into the environment. If appropriate safety equipment is not worn, these fibers can be inhaled into the lungs and, over time, cause mesothelioma as described above.
Building owners and landlords who discover such materials in their structures are required by law in most states to have them removed by a licensed asbestos abatement contractor. Private homeowners have more options; however, it is strongly recommended that such individuals do not attempt to deal with the problem on their own.
Hazards Associated with Agricultural Filler Products
The commercial and industrial use of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) began in the late 19th century and continued well into the 20th century, so the number of applications of agricultural filler products containing asbestos is extensive. Those most at risk from asbestos-contaminated agricultural filler include construction workers, insulation installers, roofers, carpenters who installed flooring and painters who applied textures to walls or ceilings.
Posted by
Choirul
comments (0)
How the American agriculture industry has changed
The American agriculture industry has gone through massive developments over the past century. While agriculture in the earlier days in America was focused in labor, the current trends use sophisticated equipments for farm work. Agriculture took up more than half the work force in the earlier days while now; the ratio has come down to less than one-fourth. From use of work force in huge farms, the scenario has now changed to smaller farms with high productivity using fewer work forces. The efficiency of the US agriculture technology has grown enormously over the last century. From dependency on farm animals, the dependency has now shifted to mechanization.
The importance of agriculture in the US economy
It would not be wrong to say to that the recovery of the American economy is being led by the agricultural industry, thanks to the technologies that have been developed in farm equipments and farming methods. The US government has largely supported the agricultural sector by providing subsidies and loan write offs. The innovative agricultural research that is being carried out underlines the importance of technological developments in the field of agriculture.
Use of renewable energy technology in US farms
The agricultural industry in America is adopting energy conserving equipments by the use of devices that run on renewable energy such as solar power and wind energy. Solar energy used for heating water for cattle, drying crops and heating animal shelters. The developments in the wind energy developments technology have also been enormous in the recent years. More than 8,500 farms are using solar power to generate a major portion of their power. Wind turbines are being used in more than 1,400 operations. Surveys have showed that more than 80% of the American farmers are ready to use solar power and install solar panels in their farms to generate power for the farm operations.
Solar powered farm equipments
Some of the most useful developments in the US farm sector, which uses solar energy, are solar powered grass mowers and solar powered tractors. When the solar panels in the tractors are fully charged, they run all day. They can be used in all operations of the farm. Cultivation is possible for four hours at a stretch and the rototiller can be run for two hours. The new technological developments focus on reducing the cost of solar powered farm equipments so that they can be made accessible to even an average farmer.
Wind powered farm equipments
The main equipments that can be run on wind energy in farms are wind turbines, wind pumps and windmills. These equipments convert the wind energy into a different kind of energy like electricity or mechanical energy. Many companies in America supply wind powered equipments to agricultural farms. Although the potential for development of wind technology in America is huge, it is lagging behind in the production. As of now, China is the biggest producer of wind power in the world. Large farms in the United States can make of wind energy and save a lot of cost and increase efficiency.
Posted by
Choirul
comments (0)
Mechanization of agriculture is a mechanical application of machinery or equipment in the agricultural production process both on-farm and off-farm.
Appropriate with the higher human need for agriculture, the development of Mechanization of agriculture were also implemented.
Appropriate with the higher human need for agriculture, the development of Mechanization of agriculture were also implemented.
Increased agricultural production is most often brought about by the introduction of improved crop varieties and by creating an optimal environment such that the plants and animals can develop to their full potential. Planting, tending and harvesting a crop requires both a significant amount of power and a suitable range of tools and equipment. Mechanization of farming has allowed an increase to the area that can be planted and has contributed towards increased yields, mainly due to the precision with which the crop husbandry tasks can be accomplished. In fact, most farmers in developing countries experience a greater annual expenditure on farm power inputs than on fertilizer, seeds or agrochemicals.
Posted by
Choirul
comments (0)
Hello …Now Americans are known to industrialized countries. But,America also has a history of agricultural development which is quite interesting to learn ... Below are the historical development of agriculture in America.
Posted by
Choirul
comments (0)
Botany is the study of plants. It is one of the major fields of biology, together with zoology (the study of animals) and microbiology (the study of bacteria and viruses). Specializations within the field of botany include the study of mosses, algae, lichens, ferns, and fungi. Other specialties in botany include plant physiology, the study of the vital processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and plant nutrition. Biochemists study the effects of soil, temperature, and light on plants, while plant morphologists study of the evolution and development of leaves, roots, and stems with a focus on the tissues at the tips of stems where the cells have the ability to divide.
Posted by
Choirul
comments (1)
For thousands of years farmers and herders have been selectively breeding their plants and animals to produce more useful hybrids . It was somewhat of a hit or miss process since the actual mechanisms governing inheritance were unknown. Knowledge of these genetic mechanisms finally came as a result of careful laboratory breeding experiments carried out over the last century and a half.
1822-1884By the 1890's, the invention of better microscopes allowed biologists to discover the basic facts of cell division and sexual reproduction. The focus of genetics research then shifted to understanding what really happens in the transmission of hereditary traits from parents to children. A number of hypotheses were suggested to explain heredity, but Gregor Mendel , a little known Central European monk, was the only one who got it more or less right. His ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900, which was long after his death. His early adult life was spent in relative obscurity doing basic genetics research and teaching high school mathematics, physics, and Greek in Brno (now in the Czech Republic). In his later years, he became the abbot of his monastery and put aside his scientific work.
